Kyoto Prefecture has a north-south orientation with the Tamba Mountains at the center, dividing the region into north and south with varying climates.

The northern part experiences a Sea of Japan climate with cloudy days and short summers leading to an early autumn and heavy snowfall in winter.

Kyoto City in the southern region is in a basin surrounded by mountains, resulting in extreme temperatures with a significant difference between day and night.

The elevation gradually increases towards the north, causing a drop in temperature, with Toji in the south and Kitayama-dori in the north having the same height of 54.8 meters.

In December, the southern region of Kyoto has an average temperature of 7°C (44°F), with an average maximum temperature of 11.6°C (53°F) and an average minimum temperature of 3.2°C (38°F) based on data from the last 30 years. The cold in the morning and evening increases gradually towards the end of the year, making it very cold. Fortunately, December has fewer rainy days and more sunny days, providing ample opportunities to enjoy the blue sky.

December weather in the northern area of Kyoto is characterized by mostly cloudy skies, strong winds, occasional sleet, and temperatures that feel colder than they actually are. There is a noticeable drop in temperature each day after sunset, creating a winter landscape in the city.

To stay warm during December in Kyoto, it's advisable to wear heavy, lined coats along with scarfs and gloves when going outside. When wearing a skirt, thick tights or short boots will help keep you warm. Since the northern part of Kyoto tends to be cooler, it's recommended to be prepared for colder temperatures if you plan on visiting that area.

In the period between mid to late December, you can witness a breathtaking display of flower lanterns from the Arashiyama to Kita-Sagano area. The lanterns are lit up at sunset, creating a stunning landscape to admire. It is recommended to take a stroll from Hankyu Arashiyama Station to Togetsukyo and Sagano and visit nearby temples and shrines that offer special nighttime visits, allowing you to fully experience the beauty of Kyoto.

The temperature in the southern part of Kyoto in January is quite cold with an average temperature of 4.6°C (40.3°F). The average maximum temperature is 8.9°C (48°F) and the average minimum temperature is 1.2°C (34.2°F). The cold weather in Kyoto is more severe than in Osaka or Kobe. Despite many sunny days, sudden changes in weather can occur, including unexpected snowfall. Be prepared for such weather changes.

In January, the average temperature in the northern part of Kyoto is around 3.7°C (39°F). The average high temperature is 7.6°C (46°F), while the average low temperature is 0.4°C (33°F). While there has been less snowfall in recent years due to higher temperatures, it's still important to be prepared for snowy conditions.

In Kyoto, both the southern and northern regions experience true winter, with cold winds blowing from the surrounding mountains and the Sea of Japan, respectively. To stay warm outside, it's best to pack warm clothes such as long-sleeved shirts, wool sweaters, and a long coat. If wearing a skirt, pair it with thick tights or boots. Accessories such as mufflers, gloves, and masks are helpful against the wind.

During the New Year period, many people visit the shrines in Kyoto for the first time. From January 8th to 12th, there is a festival held at the Kyoto Ebisu Shrine in Gion, which is one of the three largest shrines in Japan. On the 9th, there is a parade called Hoe Kago from Uzumasa to the Kyoto Ebisu Shrine. On the 10th, a movie actress will present Fukusa, and on the 11th, Maiko will present Fukusasa and Fukumochi.

In February, the weather in the southern part of Kyoto is cold with an average temperature of 5.1°C. The average high temperature is 9.7°C and the average low temperature is 1.4°C, similar to January. Even if it's sunny in the southern part of Kyoto City near Toji Temple or Kyoto Station, the northern part of Ohara and Kurama may experience snowfall, so it's important to be prepared for changing weather conditions when exploring the city.

Temperatures in the northern part of Kyoto during February remain as cold as January with little difference. As temperatures can drop below freezing, highways in the area may be subject to winter tire regulations and snow accumulation.

Prepare for cold winter weather by wearing long-sleeved shirts, sweaters, and long coats. Women tend to wear pants more than skirts, and may even wear tights under their pants when it is very cold outside. Wearing warm socks and boots is also recommended. Accessorizing with a scarf and gloves can help keep you warm. Disposable pocket warmers (called Kairo) can be useful on days when it is sleeting.

Plum blossoms start to bloom in early February, and Kitano Tenmangu Shrine is renowned for its 1,500 plum trees, including white and red plums, as well as single and double varieties. On February 25, a plum blossom festival is held at the shrine to commemorate the death of Michizane Sugawara, where visitors can enjoy tea served by a geisha from Kamishichiken. The cool air in Kyoto's shrines can provide a relaxing experience.

While recent years have seen warmer winters, Kyoto remains cold. Commercial facilities and transportation are well heated, but shrines and temples are often visited outdoors, so it is essential to dress appropriately for the cold weather. Wearing warm clothes for sightseeing will help you manage the cold wind.

Reference: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Meteorological Agency website