A tropical cyclone has the potential to bring substantial rainfall. Among them, a typhoon is defined as one originating in the Northwest Pacific Ocean or the South China Sea with a maximum wind speed (10-min average) of around 17 meters per second or more. Under international agreement, a tropical cyclone is considered a typhoon when its maximum wind speed (one-minute average) is 33 meters per second or higher.

Other tropical storms that occur around the world are called "cyclones" (Indian Ocean and South Pacific) and "hurricanes" (Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean, east of 180 degrees north of the equator), depending on where they occur.

In Japan, according to Japan Meteorological Agency data, typhoon outbreaks are most common between July and October, with a greater frequency between August and September. They are most likely to approach the Japanese archipelago in the summer season due to high sea temperatures.

According to data from the Japan Meteorological Agency, the monthly average of approaching typhoons over the last 31 years (1991-2022) reveals a pattern of 3.6 occurrences in July, 5.3 in August, 4.8 in September, and 3.5 in October.

With around three per month, this translates to a frequency of one close approach every 1-2 weeks during peak typhoon season.

In addition, the Okinawa, Kyushu, and Shikoku areas are particularly prone to typhoons approaching and making landfall.

Travelers intending to visit these areas between August and September are advised to begin actively checking the weather forecast about a week prior to their planned departure.

Furthermore, autumn typhoons tend to be fast with substantial rainfall, warranting heightened caution. Recent irregular weather patterns have led to increased sea temperatures, contributing to the development of larger typhoons with a potential for significant damage.

A typhoon is classified as having made landfall in Japan when its center reaches the coastline of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, or Kyushu.

Heavy rains often affect the Pacific Ocean side of the above-mentioned regions, which can prompt the suspension of the Tokaido Shinkansen and result in flight cancellations as well.

Typhoons are influenced by various factors, including the presence of other concurrently forming typhoons, the Pacific High, and prevailing westerly winds. As a result, their movements can be complex, such as slow movement with sudden shifts between northward and southward directions.

Before visiting Japan, be sure to actively check any weather updates so that you can make any necessary disaster preparations and familiarize yourself with evacuation protocols.

According to Weathernews, the anticipated typhoon count for 2023 is projected at around 29, which is slightly higher than average due to increased convective activity in typhoon-prone areas as compared to other years.

The forecasted trajectory of these storms is expected to increase the risk of approach and landfall, primarily along the Pacific side, spanning the southern to eastern parts of the country. Powerful typhoons are also more likely to manifest higher intensities, thereby requiring utmost caution.

Typhoons often bring in heavy rains and storms, increasing the risk of harm from airborne or falling debris, as well as stranding due to flooded streets, submerged roads, or inundated structures. To mitigate these risks, avoiding any unnecessary outdoor activities is highly advised.

When a typhoon approaches, rivers and ponds may experience sudden increases in water levels, as well as beaches, which may draw in high waves, so be sure to avoid these bodies of water. As the typhoon's approach progresses, rain and wind intensity tend to escalate simultaneously. If evacuation is advised, it is important to do so during daylight hours promptly and proactively.

Storms can also often lead to train delays and stoppages, potentially preventing you from returning to your accommodation. Therefore, if you know a typhoon is approaching, staying updated on traffic information is critical.

Don't assume you're safe simply because the typhoon's current location is far from yours. Sometimes, warm and humid air continues to flow in from the typhoon's surroundings, resulting in heavy rain. Even after it has passed, it's important to stay vigilant and continue monitoring the weather. Depending on the typhoon's path, it can experience a significant change in intensity.

Below are some multilingual websites you can refer to should a typhoon approach or make landfall.

Next, carefully review your travel itinerary. If you have an upcoming flight scheduled, it's essential to check the flight status, whether domestic or international. In anticipation of poor weather conditions, whether due to a typhoon or anything else, you may want to consider canceling your flight well in advance of your departure.

Because flight delays and cancellations are typically determined by the situation at the time, it may be impossible to know anything for sure in advance. But the sooner you know, the better prepared you'll be to make necessary adjustments, including modifying your transportation or accommodation plans as necessary.

If you plan to use the Shinkansen or limited express trains, it’s also important to check their operation status. Even if the typhoon does not appear to have any impact on your current location, there is a chance it may approach or hit your destination. It is essential to stay on top of the operation status of any trains you may take in accordance with your travel itinerary.

Below are some useful websites that you can refer to.

Depending on your current location, there's a possibility that you could face mobility restrictions in the aftermath of a typhoon, potentially leaving you stranded.

On top of that, other disasters, such as floods or landslides, may disrupt essential services like electricity, rendering ATMs inaccessible. It's advisable to prepare enough Japanese yen in advance (enough to last for about a week should suffice), just in case such a scenario occurs.

You'll also want to ensure your cellphone battery is fully charged in the event of a power outage. If the power goes out and your battery dies, it's important to know where and how you'll be able to recharge it. Places like convenience stores, internet cafes, and electronics shops may provide phone charging services during emergencies.

If you experience flight delays of cancellations due to a typhoon, please follow the steps below.

Flights that are delayed or canceled due to acts of nature, such as typhoons and other weather conditions, as well as those rerouted through other companies, may be processed free of charge.

The same applies to tickets that cannot be canceled or modified. But remember, as airline counters are likely to be flooded with others attempting to complete the same procedures, it’s a good idea to do this online or over the phone.

However, be aware that with some LCC tickets, while you will be able to cancel your ticket, you might not be able to modify your flight or get a full refund, even in the event of a disaster. Therefore, it is advisable to check the company’s website in advance to confirm what disaster protection they offer, if any, when making your reservation.

Some airlines issue a certificate of proof when a flight is canceled or delayed over 30 minutes. If you need a certificate, please consult with your airline. Some companies may offer this service online as well.

If you cannot return home due to a canceled flight, your travel agent or airline company may be able to make temporary arrangements for you, so be sure to consult with them if needed. However, do keep in mind that you will be responsible for the cost.

Certain travel insurance policies and credit card plans may offer coverage for costs incurred due to flight delays or cancellations. To find out if you're eligible, check with your insurance or credit card company.

To file an insurance claim, be sure to keep the certificate of flight delay or cancellation, as well as any receipts of expenses incurred for lodging, food, and beverage.

If you encounter a disaster, including flooding and landslides, your priority should be your safety. Streams and ditches swollen by rain can have deceptive edges, which may lead to falls. Landslides are also more likely in this situation.

As a typhoon intensifies and transforms into a storm, strong winds can send objects flying or even blow you away. The force of the wind may even trap your hand in a door. Because of these risks, it is highly advisable to avoid all unnecessary outings.

Also, if you are staying near the seaside, be sure to avoid the coast, as waves tend to rise even before the typhoon's arrival and may remain turbulent even after it has passed.

LIVE JAPAN has compiled a list of resources with essential information for emergencies and disasters. You can also check the official information various transportation agencies provide on their respective websites.

The following websites and apps provide useful information on disasters as well as current, up-to-date disaster information (all available in multiple languages). We recommend checking out which sites and apps have what information in advance.

When major disasters like typhoons or earthquakes strike, telephones and Internet lines often become congested due to the high volume of calls from loved ones seeking safety confirmation.

To address this issue, Japanese communication companies offer the following tools for ensuring safety confirmation.

If your trip is marred by persistent bad weather, changes in plan may be necessary. Fortunately, Japan offers numerous indoor facilities where you can still have a good time. For the time being, let the typhoon take its course, and consider making alternative plans for indoor fun instead.

However, if a typhoon is approaching, making landfall, or poses any safety concerns, please refrain from going out anywhere at all, and remain at your accommodation. If you are unable to travel very far, you can always go shopping at a nearby supermarkets or convenience stores when it’s safe to do so.

Below are a few indoor recommendations that promise enjoyment, regardless of inclement weather.

Maxell Aqua Park Shinagawa is a cutting-edge indoor entertainment hub that fuses sound, light, images, and living creatures, with captivating dolphin performances. Recommended for families and couples.

For those who want to know what's trending in Tokyo, head to Tokyu Kabukicho Tower, which opened its doors in April 2023. With the mission-driven attraction, THE TOKYO MATRIX, as well as the food hall, Shinjuku Kabuki Yokocho, this new complex has been garnering lots of attention for its vibrant blend of entertainment elements.

Shinjuku Kabuki Yokocho serves great cuisine from various regions of Japan, including Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Okinawa. They also host a variety of performances and events every night.

Families will also love Sanrio Puroland, an indoor theme park that brings you face-to-face with the beloved characters of Sanrio. Take pictures with Hello Kitty and My Melody, and indulge in a full day of fun with exciting shows and attractions!

For those who were planning a hot springs trip but opted to cancel, we recommend visiting one of Tokyo’s spa or hot spring facilities, such as LaQua, a comprehensive, aquatic-themed amusement center and spa facility connected to Tokyo Dome.

Another option is the Natural Hot Spring Thermae-Yu in Shinjuku, open 24 hours a day to immerse you in the soothing spa ambiance at any time of the day or night.

Kaiyukan, one of the world's largest aquariums, is located in Osaka City, and is loaded with attractions. One of these includes a huge tank where you can watch whale sharks swimming about! There’s also a Nature Experience Area.

The Cup Noodles Museum Osaka Ikeda makes for another unique rainy-day experience. Visitors can learn all about the origins of instant ramen, as well as craft their own chicken ramen at the Chicken Ramen Factory, or their own completely original, one-of-a-kind flavor at the My Cup Noodle Factory!

We also recommend Spa World, the World's Greatest Hot Spring, where you can enjoy a soak in 17 different types of baths, hailing from 12 countries around the world. Another option is Tennen Onsen Naniwa no Yu, featuring natural hot springs free-flowing from the source.

It would be a shame if you had day trips and hot springs outings planned just to have them canceled last minute. That’s where last-minute and same-day tours and activities come in!

There’s a wide range of one-day tours available for you to enjoy after the typhoon has passed. For tours departing from Tokyo, there’s the Fuji Classic Route Day Trip (from Shinjuku), Kamakura/Enoshima Day Trip (from Tokyo), and fruit-picking outings, such as strawberries in the spring and grapes in the fall.

Also, be sure to check out plans that provide you with the chance to partake in authentic Japanese experiences. Two examples include the “Tokyo Authentic Food Sample Making" and “Tokyo Glass Blowing Experience," both of which take place completely indoors.

If the weather is expected to improve, you may want to spend a night or two at a hot spring resort, which you can book online through sites such as Booking.com, which even allow last-minute reservations (as long as there are rooms available!)

If you're planning a visit to Japan, especially during the months of August or September, it's important to be aware of the possibility of encountering a typhoon.

To ensure you're prepared, it's advisable to familiarize yourself with various information resources, establish safety measures, and familiarize yourself with the protocols to follow in the event of flight delays or cancellations well in advance of your trip.

*Information in article as of July 2023. Please see official websites for the latest updates and information.

English translation by: Krys Suzuki