The Tamba Mountains are situated near the geographical center of Kyoto Prefecture, which has a north to south orientation. The climate is distinct between the northern and southern regions. The northern area, including Fukuchiyama, Maizuru, and Miyazu, where Amanohashidate is located, experiences a Sea of Japan climate, characterized by numerous cloudy days throughout the year and a brief summer season, resulting in an early arrival of autumn in Kyoto. During winter, temperatures drop below freezing, and the northern end of the Tango Peninsula experiences heavy snowfall. The region is also known for its high humidity levels throughout the year.

The city of Kyoto, home to notable attractions like Kiyomizu-dera Temple and Kinkaku-ji Temple, is located in a basin surrounded by mountains in the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture. As a result, it can be excessively hot during summer and extremely cold in winter, with significant temperature variations between day and night.

Another distinct characteristic of the basin is the increase in elevation towards the mountains, resulting in varying weather and temperature conditions between the southern urban areas and the north. Kyoto is known for the saying "the height of the five-storied pagoda of Toji in the south and the height of Kitayama-dori in the north are the same," with the height of the five-storied pagoda being 54.8 m. Over a distance of only 8.5 km, the altitude changes, causing a corresponding drop in temperature.

The average temperature in the southern part of Kyoto in September is 24.1℃ (75.4°F), with an average maximum temperature of 28.8℃ (83.8°F) and an average minimum temperature of 20.3℃ (68.5°F). The average temperature is about 4°C lower than in August, but there are still hot days.

In recent years, it has been extremely hot, the sun is intense, and the daytime temperature can exceed 35°C (95°F). The late morning and evening temperatures drop slightly, making those times of the day easier. However, keep in mind that this is also typhoon season, so be sure to track the forecast.

While the summer season in northern Kyoto is brief and the average temperature is typically 2°C lower compared to the south, it can still be hot during the daytime. The temperature gradually decreases throughout the day, and there is a difference of about 6°C in the average temperature between the 1st and the 30th of the month.

During the transition between seasons, it is important to take care not to fall ill due to sudden changes in temperature.

Rephrased: In September, Kyoto experiences strong sunlight and hot days, particularly early in the month, so it's recommended to wear short-sleeved shirts similar to what you wore in August. As the temperature drops late in the morning and evening, it's a good idea to bring a thin hoodie or cardigan to wear if needed. While sandals are still popular, many people switch to shoes or sneakers as the month progresses.

During the peak tourist season, several shrines in Kyoto will offer special exhibitions of Buddha statues and paintings that are not usually accessible to the public. These exhibits may include temple treasures, national treasures, and significant cultural properties. However, the location, contents, and duration of the exhibitions vary depending on the year. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct some research before planning a visit.

In October, the temperature in Kyoto starts to cool down, making it more comfortable to spend time outside. The average maximum temperature is 22.9°C (73.2°F) and the average minimum temperature is 13.6°C (56.5°F), which makes for pleasant weather and attracts many tourists. While there can be a long rainy season during this time, on clear days, you can enjoy a refreshing breeze and experience the perfect autumn feeling in Kyoto. Don't forget to pack clothing that is suitable for both warm and cool weather.

The average temperature in the northern part of Kyoto in October is 16.5°C (62°F), with an average maximum temperature of 21.8°C (71°F) and an average minimum temperature of 12.2°C (54°F). It may get chilly in the morning and evening, so make sure to bring some warm layers. As the month progresses, the temperature will gradually decrease, so be prepared for cooler weather toward the end of the month.

As the weather cools down in October, it is recommended to wear three-quarter or long-sleeved T-shirts and polo shirts instead of short-sleeved shirts. Towards the end of the month, a vest, trainer, or cardigan might be necessary. As mornings and evenings can get chilly, it is advisable to bring a thick cotton jacket. Sandals are no longer suitable, so it's best to pack sneakers or shoes.

Traditionally, the evening moon on August 15 of the lunar calendar (the lunar solar calendar) has been referred to as the mid-autumn moon in Japan. The beauty of the moon floating in the sky is enjoyed by all. In Kyoto, Mizuki events are organized in various locations. Shinto rituals take place at famous shrines like Yasaka Shrine, Shimogamo Shrine, and Daikaku-ji Temple, providing an opportunity to view the moon from these places.

The average temperature in November gradually drops as autumn deepens, with an average maximum temperature of 17.0°C (62.6°F) and an average minimum temperature of 7.8°C (46.0°F). As the evenings become quite cold, it starts to feel like winter. However, there are still many sunny days, making it the perfect time to visit nearby mountains and shrines to enjoy the beautiful autumn leaves in Kyoto.

The average temperature in the northern region during November is quite comfortable, with an average maximum temperature of 16.3°C (61.3°F) and an average minimum temperature of 7.0°C (44.6°F), although mornings and evenings can feel cold. There may be many cloudy days, but this does not deter tourists from visiting the region to witness the beautiful fall foliage at its peak.

In the early part of the season, a thick knit sweater over a shirt or a denim jacket over a blouse would be suitable. As the season progresses, you will need a jacket or a winter coat over a shirt or a knit. Although there have been warm winters in recent years, Kyoto being a basin can be very cold during the peak of winter. As the temperature can vary from day to day, it is advisable to wear layered clothing.

Kyoto, surrounded by mountains, is renowned for its breathtaking autumn foliage, known as "Momijigari." Numerous tourists flock to the city to witness the stunning beauty of the leaves changing color. Don't miss out on visiting popular spots like Kibune, Ohara, Philosophy Road, and Arashiyama, as well as cultural attractions such as Sanzenin, Kyoto Imperial Palace, Ryoanji Temple, and Toji Temple. Since the northern parts of Kyoto witness the fall colors earlier than the south, it is advisable to plan your trip accordingly.

Autumn in Kyoto is a pleasant time for traveling as the temperature is mild, making it perfect for outdoor activities. The city hosts various cultural events, so don't limit your sightseeing to the city center. The comfortable autumn breeze before the onset of winter is the perfect opportunity to connect with nature. However, as the temperature may fluctuate considerably depending on the area and the day, it is best to pack clothes and accessories that can be layered to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable trip.

Reference: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Meteorological Agency website