When talking about the Chinese Zodiac, the majority of people will immediately think of the twelve animals: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Pig. These “Twelve Signs” or “Earthly Branches,” however, are only one part of the entire Zodiac.

The other part is the “Ten Heavenly Stems” or “Celestial Stem,” an ancient Chinese system of ordinal numbers. Used in combination with the Earthly Branches, namely the twelve animals, they created a cycle of sixty days.

Specifically, 2026 is the Year of the Fire Horse. The “fire” in this term comes from these very Celestial stems. The original purpose of this system was to determine the day, month, year, time, and even directions, similar to the English “o’clock.”

It is believed that the Celestial stem was invented around 4,000 years ago in China’s Yin Dynasty, while the Earthly Branches, the twelve animals, was established in China during the Han Dynasty. When this system was brought to Japan isn’t entirely clear but a prominent theory states that it must have been sometime before the Nara period.

Interestingly enough, these Earthly Branches weren’t always animals. The rat, for example, originally was depicted as a child, while the rooster was once a sake jug!

This changed in China’s Han Dynasty, when these depictions were all changed to livestock to make it easier to remember for farmers who were more familiar with animals and ultimately dependent on this calendar – although there are various theories surrounding the reason for the change from a child to a rat and so on.

Of course, the Chinese Zodiac hasn’t only spread to Japan but all over Asia and various regional differences have developed over time. In Japan, for example, the Chinese Pig is a Boar, while Tibet replaced the original Rabbit with a Cat.

In Japan, everyone immediately knows the twelve animals of the Chinese Zodiac: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Boar (or Pig).

The respective animal of the year often adorns New Year’s cards called nengajo and calendars, and a lot of families decorate their homes with references to the zodiac sign of the coming year.

It’s no exaggeration to say that the Chinese Zodiac is an inherent part of Japanese day to day life and culture.

Did you know? People born in the Year of the Horse are believed to embody "a horse's spirit," often characterized by boundless energy, independence, and a cheerful disposition, making them charismatic leaders.

Notably, 2026 is the Year of the Fire Horse, which suggests that those born in this year are known for their bold ambition and passion, though they may sometimes be prone to impulsiveness or stubbornness.

What are the Horse years? If you were born in 1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002, 2014, or 2026, this is also your year!

Celebrity Horses include Nelson Mandela, Paul McCartney, Oprah Winfrey, Jimi Hendrix, Kobe Bryant, and Emma Watson.

Have a Happy “Year of the Horse!”